Using the outline created in Week 7, you will use scaffolding for developing your literature review. To conduct a literature review, you need to critically analyze your Doctoral Project or Dissertation-in-Practice topic from a scientific and objective perspective. You need to clearly identify the strengths and weaknesses of multiple perspectives and synthesize the existing literature into a cohesive view of the existing situation. In a doctoral project, the literature review involves more than describing or reporting on each topic. Instead, you will focus on developing a balanced, integrative, and critical review of the body of scholarly, professional, or industry literature, academic and industry, as it relates to the identified problem, while ensuring all perspectives are included.
Rather than choosing resources that only support your identified problem or your assertions about the problem (which is convergence), you must also address those resources that present different points of view about the problem (this is divergence). Addressing divergent viewpoints is sometimes referred to as refuting an argument or assertion because you explain why the viewpoint is inaccurate, invalid, unreliable, or irrelevant to the problem. In creating your literature review, you want to present a holistic view of the literature with both convergent and divergent resources.
1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9713108/
2. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/jwh.2022.0169
3. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/whr.2021.0148
4. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(20)30312-6/fulltext
5. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S014600052200091X
6. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/jwh.2020.8882
8. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10995-021-03284-3
10. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002870321002258
11. https://ccf.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/maternal-health-and-medex-final.pdf
12. https://www.whijournal.com/article/S1049-3867(21)00181-X/fulltext
13. https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.00796
14. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937822003775
15. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jan.16005
16. https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/concern/projects/tt44pv45d
17. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146000520300501
,
Literature Review Outline
I. Introduction
The significance of maternal health for families, communities, and the nation necessitates a comprehensive strategy to tackle the alarming rates of maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity, addressing health from pre-pregnancy through post-pregnancy stages. Focusing exclusively on the perinatal period neglects upstream health determinants linked to chronic conditions, along with various environmental and social factors that lead to adverse outcomes. Maternal health in minority communities has been plagued by disparities for decades. Black women, specifically, encounter maternal morbidity and death rates significantly elevated compared to other demographics. Efforts to comprehend this inequality have concentrated on individual actions and socioeconomic factors. Considering social aspects is important for enhancing both pre- and post-partum care in addition to the treatment of infants, since social settings influence healthcare delivery and results.
II. Legislation
a. Paid Family Leave – The absence of paid family leave is seen as a public health concern in the United States. The cornerstone of mother and newborn health is a period of leave after childbirth to recuperate and adjust without financial concerns. The United States is one of just two nations globally that lacks a national program ensuring paid leave for new parents. The 1993 Family Medical Leave Act permits unpaid leave; nonetheless, over half of U.S. workers are ineligible, and many cannot sustain a period of unpaid absence (Bartel, Rossin-Slater, Ruhm, Slopen, & Waldfogel, 2023).
Globally, paid parental leave is a normative practice, averaging 18 weeks and sometimes exceeding 6 months in several wealthy nations. A systematic review of empirical literature on the effects of parental and medical leave policies on socioeconomic and health outcomes in OECD countries concluded that (1) reforms extending the duration of job-protected paid parental leave have enhanced women's economic outcomes; (2) access to paid parental leave during childbirth appears to decrease infant mortality rates, potentially facilitated by breastfeeding; and (3) more generous paid leave entitlements in nations with limited or short-duration paid leave may assist families in balancing income generation with personal and familial well-being (Goodman, Williams, & Dow, 2021).
III. Health insurance coverage–
A. Insurance coverage is essential for maternal health since it facilitates access to a range of healthcare services. Family planning and preconception health are essential for facilitating a healthy pregnancy and delivery. Family planning services, including access to contraception, facilitate desired pregnancies and promote safe interpregnancy intervals. Furthermore, early pre-pregnancy and prenatal coverage provide access to testing, treatments, and other health care services to enhance healthy pregnancies and deliveries. Pre-pregnancy and prenatal care may assist women in managing physical and mental health concerns, maintaining a nutritious diet and appropriate weight, and ensuring the safe intake of medications and supplements. Postpartum treatment addresses complications after delivery, including pain, infections, and postpartum depression and anxiety. Healthcare after delivery improves postpartum health. Black, Indigenous, and people of color confront racism and prejudice that hinders decent maternity care. Many rural individuals struggle to get care during and after delivery owing to distance, personnel shortages, transportation difficulties, economic and social resource constraints, and lack of local services and supports (Kozhimannil, et al., 2022). Women with insurance are more likely to get prompt and complete treatment, hence decreasing the risk of complications and mortality.
B. Medicaid-Medicaid significantly contributes to the provision of health care and services for low-income women. Approximately two-thirds of women with Medicaid coverage are of reproductive age, and Medicaid provides a comprehensive array of preventive and reproductive treatments, including family planning and pregnancy-related care.
C. Affordable Care Act – narrow but grouped findings related to the theme.
i. Study 4 (Research question(s), Methods/Participants, Related Findings)
ii. Study 5 (Research question(s), Methods/Participants, Related Findings)
iii. Study 6 (Research question(s), Methods/Participants, Related Findings)
iv. Do these studies share commonalities? How do these studies differ? Discuss
D. Conclusion: An evaluation/critique of the existing literature .
a. What are the contributions of this literature to the field?
b. Return to your thesis statement.
c. What are the overall strengths?
d. What are the overall weaknesses?
e. What might be missing?
f. What are some next steps for research? The next steps should explicitly address how to “correct” for strengths, weaknesses, and gaps.
as subconscious. (Level 4)