Can one of you try to combine the two definitions to refine and clarify the definition for archival research?
Equivalent Time Samples Design
Nice start, Barbara. What about the equivalence of other potentially influential variables, such as prior therapy experiences? Would that influence the outcome
Experimental design
This is a good start but you're missing some key info. How are participants put into experimental groups? And what about potential confounding variables?
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Glossary
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I have selected Archival design, cross-sectional design, experimental design
equivalent sample design, and parametric design for my glossary.
Archival design is a means to gather information without undertaking new research. This method uses old records, databases, and other sources to solve study difficulties (McLeod & O’Connor, 2022).
A researcher wants to study the impact of economic recessions on marriage rates over the past century. They use archival data from government census records and historical marriage registries to analyze trends without collecting new data.
Cross-sectional design involves collecting data from a population (or a statistically significant subset) at one time. It provides a "snapshot" of the factors and their relationships without changing any parameters (Wang & Cheng, 2020).
A sociologist wants to understand the relationship between income levels and political views across different age groups. They conduct a survey of 1,000 adults on a single day, asking about their age, income, and political affiliations.
An experimental design seeks to determine how a dependent variable is related to one or more independent variables, taking into consideration any other factors that may obscure the relationship (Fey et al., 2023). This design lets researchers test cause-and-effect linkages.
A psychologist may wish to determine if a given teaching method improves a child's performance. At the end of the term, they compare the test scores of 200 students randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. Random assignment determines which group uses the new technique.
An equivalent sample design is an analogous sample design that eliminates factors that could skew treatment or condition comparisons. This strategy requires matched groups with as many key qualities as feasible.
Consider a medical researcher seeking the best treatment for two forms of grief. Age, gender, and initial melancholy are used to divide participants into two groups. Each group receives a random treatment (Turner, 2020).
In a parametric design, statistical approaches assume the data follows a probability distribution, commonly a normal distribution with interval-level measurement (Shaikh & Jha, 2020).
A researcher is studying how a new insecticide impacts plant development. We compare the mean heights of treated and untreated plants using a t-test (a parametric test). We assume heights are regularly distributed and use centimeter-level interval data.
These illustrations demonstrate how each design can be applied in various studies. Knowing these designs helps you match your strategy to your study questions and supplies.
References
Fey, C. F., Hu, T., & Delios, A. (2023). The measurement and communication of effect sizes in management research. Management and Organization Review, 19(1), 176-197.
McLeod, J., & O’Connor, K. (2022). Ethics, archives, and data sharing in qualitative research. In The University as an Ethical Academy? (pp. 105-117). Routledge.
Shaikh, F., & Jha, S. (2020). Analyzing data in quantitative research. Nursing and Midwifery Research Methods and Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. 6th Edition. Sydney: Elsevier, 228-254.
Turner, D. P. (2020). Sampling Methods in Research Design. Headache: The Journal of Head & Face Pain, 60(1).
Wang, X., & Cheng, Z. (2020). Cross-sectional studies: strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations. Chest, 158(1), S65-S71.