1. In your own words, compare the following pairs of terms and then provide an example of each.
a. Mechanism of action versus mode of action
b. Local effect versus systemic effect
c. Statistical significance versus biological significance
2. Compare chronic exposure to acute exposure. Research and discuss at least one manufacturing toxicant that causes adverse effects from both chronic exposure and acute exposure. Identify the toxicant, what it is used for in manufacturing, how exposure occurs and the observable adverse effects that it causes.
In this dose-response curve graph, the first curve represents a dose-response curve measuring the therapeutice effect of Substance A. The second curve represents a dose-response curve measuring the threshold of Substance B. The third curve represents the toxic effect of Substance A. The x-axis of the graph represents the dose in milligrams slash kilograms and is marked by increments of 2 beginning with zero and ending with 22. The y-axis of the graph is the percent response which is marked by increments of 25 beginning with zero and ending with 100.
3. Using the dose-response curve above answer the following questions:
a. Which substance has the highest potency? Explain your answer.
b. Define NOEL. What is the NOEL range of substance B?
c. What is the ED50 and TD50 of substance A? How did you determine these values?
d. The therapeutic index of substance B is 9. Comparing substance A to substance B, which one would be considered safer? Explain your answer.
e. At what dose is the maximum toxic effect of substance A observed? Explain your answer.
f. At what dose is threshold reached for substance B? What is the threshold of a substance?