Video Game addiction and COllege Performance among Males and Females Artiles:? 1. Developmental Assets, Self-Control and Internet Gaming Disorder in Adolescence: Testing a

Chapter 2

Review of the Literature

Introduction

• Topic – subject or subject matter of a study – e.g., “faculty teaching,” “organizational creativity,” “psychological stress”

• Conduct literature review about the topic –Worth studying? – Scope? – Can be studied

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The Research Topic

• Gain insight into the topic by – Drafting a working title

• “My study is about…” – Posing a brief question

• What needs to be answered?

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The Research Topic

• First step is to examine research on the topic • How does this project contribute to the literature? • New topic, new elements, replication with new participants?

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The Research Topic

• The topic can be researched if – You have access to participants – You have resources to collect and analyze information

• The topic should be researched if – The research will add to the literature about the topic – Scholars will be interested in the topic – A study of it will advance your personal goals

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The Literature Review

• Shares the results of other studies • Relates the study to the larger dialogue in the literature • Provides a framework for establishing the importance of the study • Provides a benchmark for comparing the results to other findings

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The Literature Review

The use of the literature: • Seek opinion of adviser or faculty members • Tell the reader you are aware of literature • Literature reviews take several forms:

– Integrate what others have done and said – Criticize previous scholarly works – Bridge between related topics – Identify the central issues in the field

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The Literature Review

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The Literature Review

The use of the literature: • In quantitative studies, researchers use literature to: – Provide direction to the research questions and hypotheses – Introduce a problem – Introduce and describe the theory that will be used – Examine the usefulness of the theory – Compare results with existing literature or predictions

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The Literature Review

The use of the literature: • In mixed methods studies, researchers use the literature: – In either a quantitative or qualitative approach – In each phase, consistent with either the quantitative or qualitative approach – Relative to the intended audience

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The Literature Review

Steps in conducting a literature review: • Identify key words • Search databases • Identify about 50 research reports in articles or books • Collect those that are central to your topic • Design a literature map • Draft summaries of relevant articles • Write a literature review, organizing it by important concepts

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The Literature Review

Searching computerized databases: • Computerized databases of the literature are available the Internet • Databases provide access to journal articles, conference papers and dissertations on a wealth of topics

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The Literature Review

Searching computerized databases: • Some of these online databases include: – ERIC – ProQuest – Sociological Abstracts – PsycINFO – Science Direct – Google scholar

– – –

EBSCO PubMed SSCI

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The Literature Review

Searching computerized databases: • Use both free databases and those available in your academic library • Search several databases, even those outside your field • Use guides to terms to locate articles • Locate articles close to your topic and use their terms in your search • Use databases that provide access to full text

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The Literature Review

A priority for selecting literature material: • Start with broad syntheses (such as encyclopedias) if you are new to the topic • Turn to journal articles in national journals

– Best source for research reports • Next, consider books • Then examine conference papers • Scan for dissertations • Lastly, consider reports on the web

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The Literature Review

A literature map of the research • A literature map is a visual summary of existing research on a topic • The structure of the literature map may be: – Hierarchical pattern – Flowchart layout – Series of circles

• Write a narrative description

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The Literature Review

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The Literature Review

Abstracting studies: • Abstracts summarize major elements of the article • For research studies: – Mention the problem – State the central purpose – State information about the population and sample – Review key results – Point out methodological flaws (if a critique or methods review)

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The Literature Review

Abstracting studies: • For nonempirical studies (essays, opinions, etc.) – Mention the problem – Identify the central theme – State the major conclusions –Mention flaws in reasoning or logic (if a methodological review)

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The Literature Review

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The Literature Review

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The Literature Review

Style manuals: • Style manuals provide guidelines for producing scholarly work and include directions on: – Citing references in-text – End-of-text references – Creating headings – Footnotes (not used in all style manuals) – Presenting tables and figures

• Reminder: Consistently use the chosen style manual

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The Literature Review

Definition of terms • Identify and define terms that readers need to understand a proposal

• Define terms introduced in all sections of the research plan: – Title of the study – Problem statement – Purpose statement – Research questions, hypotheses, or objectives – Literature review – Theory base of the study – Methods section

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The Literature Review

Definition of terms • Qualitative studies – Inductive and evolutionary in nature – The definition of terms may appear later in the written report, perhaps in the data analysis

• Quantitative studies – Deductive with a fixed set of objectives – All relevant terms are comprehensively defined earlier in the study

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The Literature Review

Definition of terms • Mixed methods studies – Follows the use of quantitative or qualitative approach – Clarify terms related to mixed methods

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The Literature Review

Definition of terms • Define terms when they first appear in the manuscript • Use specific operational definitions • Do not define terms using everyday language, be guided by the literature • Define terms so that they accomplish different goals • One may use a definition of terms section in the manuscript

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The Literature Review

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The Literature Review

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The Literature Review

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The Literature Review

A quantitative or mixed methods literature review: • Introduce the review with a statement about the organization of the sections • Review literature about the independent variables • Review literature about the dependent variables • Review literature that relates the independent variables to the dependent variables

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The Literature Review

A quantitative or mixed methods literature review: • Provide a summary

– Highlight important studies – Capture major themes – Suggest why more research is needed – Advance how the proposed study will fill this need

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Summary

• Identify your topic through a brief title or central research question • Use the literature to – Present similar studies – Relate the study to the literature – Provide a framework for comparison

• Different purpose depending on approach • Search databases using key terms

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